Luxor, Day Two - Tombs and Temples

I'm full of history! The first day of our organized tours we were picked up by tall, handsome Mahmoud, our guide for the next two days. We loaded into a spacious, air conditioned minivan and headed for Medinat-Habu, Ramses II's memorial temple. So much is ruins, but areas have beautifully preserved colors and reliefs. Our guide talked about the villages we saw as we drove to the temple. In ancient times, only workers lived on the West Bank, isolated from the regular population to help protect the location of tombs.

The details of what I saw can be read in any guidebook, so I won't waste space. My impressions are of the timelessness of everything. Somehow, the ancient Egyptians managed to retain a continuity of artistic style and look for nearly 35oo years. Subtle differences are seen in statuary with more grace in the figures, more detail, space between the arms and body, columns that stand alone where hundreds of years before they had connecting walls to lend support. Columns are interesting to follow. Previously they were made of sheaves of palm trunks, so the first stone columns were carved to look like palm trunks bound together. Ancient Egyptians were uncomfortable with change, so things needed to progress slowly.

Then, to add to the confusion about pharaonic periods, a pharaoh will take a shine to a past ruler's monuments, statues and temples, and appropriate it, scratching out the previous guy's name and adding his own. This has been confusing for even the Egyptologists trying to date all these things.

Then, you have the Romans and the Christian Copts scratching out stuff they didn't agree with and in the case of the Romans, overlaying walls of relief work with their own paintings. For archaeologists, the question is then, what do you preserve, the stuff underneath, or the overlayed things which are also ancient and historic. Added to all this is the 19th century graffiti to contend with. It leaves a huge puzzle to assemble and work to understand.

I stood apart from our guide often during our tours, listening to other English speaking Egyptian guides presenting any number of theories as facts. Kathy pointed out this morning that this is very much in keeping with an educational system that functions primarily on rote memorization rather than conjecture and and critical thinking skills. I wonder if we're doing much better in the U.S., but at least critical thinking is viewed as a vital part of our system.

I think some of this is also part of a culture that is steeped in religious law. Islam is a religion of law. Interestingly, three major religions share a heritage in the deserts of the Middle East, Islam, Christianity and the Jewish faith. Islam holds the tenants of their version of the Old Testament and the laws set out in it as the living, breathing reality of their daily lives, and they're reminded of this 5 times a day with the call to prayer. I have found that generally this is manifest in the people I have spent time with as acceptance. We do what we're supposed to do according to Islamic Law, and leave the rest to Allah. Cross the street against horrendous traffic, "inshallah" or leave it to God. I'll see you tomorrow, "inshallah", if God wills it. My wife is sick and in the hospital, "inshallah", she'll recover if God wills it. There is a certain peace in this system because the law has a certain black and white quality - I do my part and follow the law as best as I can, and God will take care of the rest. I'm very clear after 3 weeks that in order for us to make any headway diplomatically our diplomats need to understand the gravity of "inshallah" as the organizing principle of the lives of average people in Islamic countries. I know at this point that I don't in the least bit understand exactly how these people think and live.

We rested at the little town next to Medinat Habu and were entertained by an old man playing a two stringed instrument. Such a charming sound. I thought of Rachel's little ones and couldn't resist paying the man 20LE to take one home. He showed me how to resin the bow, tune it and play. We put on a little concert for all the locals hanging around, who clapped and laughed at my lack of skill.

Next stop, Valley of the Queens. The tomb I would have liked to see, Nefertari, Ramses II's wife is restored but closed to preserve it. It is estimated that each visitor leaves behind 2.6 grams of sweat, increasing the destructive humidity in the tombs.

Interestingly, royal male children under 12 years old are buried in the Valley of the Queens, so two tombs we visited, Amunherkhepshef and Khaemwaset were young sons of Ramses III, and the beautiful paintings were of the pharaoh introducing his sons to the gods. We also visited Queen Titi's tomb. We're not sure who her husband was, but heiroglyphs referred to her as "royal wife, royal daughter and royal mother," and the tomb was much like the two prince's tombs we visited. This has led archaeologists to the conclusion that she was probably a wife of Ramses III.

Interestingly, in the royal succession, being a son of a pharaoh was not as important as being married to a royal princess. So Ramses III was a commoner who married a royal princess, probably Titi, and thus was able to claim the throne. In the same light, when Ramses II's much beloved wife Nefartari died, instead of taking another royal princess to wife, he married his oldest daughter ritually - he had sixty-some commoner wives as well. He reigned so long, he actually went through four royal daughters before he died! Only two women in 35oo years fought the system and claimed the throne for themselves, Hetsepshut and Tawosret. As I've said before, ancient Egyptians stuck to their traditions, and didn't often rock the boat!

Next we visited the Tombs of the Nobles. So Nice! Not many people so we could linger over paintings depicting more scenes of daily life rather than scenes of meeting and reckoning with the gods.

It was still early, so we asked to go to the tombs of the workers. This was an interesting side trip. Working on tombs was familial. Digger's children became diggers, painter's children became painters. The week was divided into 10 days rather than 7. Workers worked on the royal tombs 8 days a week, then they worked on worker tombs for one day and had a day of rest. When a worker died, he was buried in the tomb currently being prepared, and then a new tomb was started. Each tomb, as with royal tombs was dug and plastered while the person was living. Painting was planned and most was accomplished after the person's death during the 90 days needed for mummification. Tombs in the valleys we visited were rarely finished. There just wasn't enough time even with several hundred painters working.

In the worker's tombs, paintings were primarily showing scenes of daily life. Each was about the same size and shape, and it was clear that to some extent they did their best work in their own tombs.

The village ruins of mud brick workers homes is nestled in the valley, and interestingly, the modern archaeologist's residences are situated high overlooking this valley. I paid a little baksheesh to be able to walk up and take a look at their view. Inspiring and beautiful!

We dragged back to the hotel and walked down the street to an English owned and run Indian restaurant. Excellent food and great atmosphere.

We went back to the hotel for a rest and was on the docks by 4:30 for a felucca ride organized by our taxi driver of the first day. There was very little wind, so the modern day solution is to catch a ride with a tug boat, or at least an Egyptian version of a tug boat. At one point there were four feluccas strung along behind the run down poor excuse for a motorboat. One we were upstream a ways, we pulled in our rope and drifted back. We watched the sunset, then the lights of the city while passing a relaxing two hours.

We were still too full for a full dinner, so returned to Dean's for dessert - chocolate mousse and sherry triffle.